Russian and British scientists delineated the lake in by integrating a variety of data, including airborne ice-penetrating radar imaging observations and space-based radar altimetry, and the discovery of the lake was published in the science journal Nature on 20 June 1996. The team from Russia's Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) have been drilling for weeks in an effort to reach isolated Lake Vostok, a vast, dark body of water hidden 13,000 ft. below . Foreword: Sixty-year Russian history of Antarctic sub-glacial lake exploration and Arctic natural . The investigation of inclusions entrapped into the accretion ice of the subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica gives an insight into former times of the Antarctic history. Bulk up on protein, animal study suggests, A Tiny Window Opens Into Lake Vostok, While a Vast Continent Awaits. It has a length of 160 miles, a width of 30 miles, and a total area of 4,830 square miles. Antarctica shock: Bizarre heat source below ice revealed, Moon landing: Incredible unearthed pictures Apollo 11, A magnetic anomaly was spotted below the ice, The anomaly was spotted in East Antarctica, The team drilled down to discover Lake Vostok, Pompeii breakthrough: Incredible new villa exposed, Antarctica still continues to surprise scientitsts, Antarctica shock: Bizarre heat source coming from three miles below ice revealed, Black hole shock: Scientist's dire warning to humans [VIDEO], Asteroid apocalypse: Scientist warns of city-destroying space rock [OPINION], Why Trillion tonne rock hurtling towards Earth was 'bad news' [EXPLAINED], Yellowstone volcano: Warning to half the US over ash cloud revealed, Pompeii:New discovery proves eruption date wrong, Egypt-approaching locust swarm sparks Bible apocalypse fears. Lake Vostok is located in east Antarctica, about 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) below the ground, covered in a massive sheet of ice. Please make a tax-deductible gift today. Beneath the icy surface of the continent lies Lake Vostok. The presence of a buried lake was first suggested in the 1960s,. Get more great content like this delivered right to you! The coldest naturally occurring temperature ever observed on Earth, 89C (128F), was recorded at Vostok Station on 21 July 1983. This is still below the melting point of ice, but pressure from the thick ice sheet reduces the melting point and also provides insulation from colder surface temperatures. There's both a northern and a southern basin. a team of Russian scientists finally reached the surface, described microbes in the accretion ice 3590 meters below Vostok Station, identified a startlingly diverse array of microbes in the accretion ice, Roman emperors played winemaker for a day at swank facility, Personalized vaccine for melanoma may stave off cancers return, Inspired by the sea and the sky, a biologist invents a new kind of microscope, Plagiarism allegations pursue physicist behind stunning superconductivity claims, Clinical trial participants autopsy and brain exam stoke Alzheimers drug fears, No evidence that Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne hid fraud at Genentech, company says, Advocates challenge Antarctic contractors claim of zero sexual assaults on its watch, Inflammation could drive lung cancer risk linked to air pollution, Biological syringes could change how drugs are delivered, The Moons glass beads hold a watery bounty, Want to sleep better? Analysis of the life forms suggests Lake Vostok may harbor a unique ecosystem based on chemicals in rocks instead of sunlight, living in isolation for hundreds of thousands of years, Live Science previously reported. That being said, researchers are intrigued by what discoveries, microorganisms perhaps, could be found in the waters of the lake. Scientist explains how light can travel back and forth in time, Space cement is here: How it could be used to build houses on Mars and the Moon. The mission was cancelled over concerns of environmental contamination, but scans of the area since have revealed something more baffling. Subglacial Lake Vostok found in the centre of Antarctica is a unique object that is of high interest to scientists from all over the world. The team found 3,507 unique gene sequences, and approximately 94% of the sequences were from bacteria and 6% were from Eukarya. Who knows what knowledge these discoveries might bring regarding the past or maybe the present? NY 10036. [48] Drilling stopped on 5 February 2011 at a depth of 3,720m (12,200ft) so that the research team could make it off the ice before the beginning of the Antarctic winter season. (Phys.org)Researchers with Russia's Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute have announced that they have successfully retrieved a clean ice core sample from Lake Vostok in Antarctica. Ergatta vs Hydrow: Which Rowing Machine Should You Buy? ", "RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS REACHED SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK", "Microbiology of the subglacial Lake Vostok: first results of borehole-frozen lake water analysis and prospects for searching for lake inhabitants", "Russian Antarctic Expedition Halts Research Due to Lack of Funds", "New wintering complex of Vostok station delivered to Antarctica", "Antarctic Drilling Plan Raises Concerns", "Antarctic Treaty no match for national pride", "Drilling at Lake Vostok by the Russians", Columbia.edu: "Lake Vostok: A Curiosity or a Focus for Interdisciplinary Study? Did they? But it wasn't until 1993, when scientists used satellite-based radar to survey the area, that scientists confirmed the subglacial lake's presence, Science reported (opens in new tab). Lake Vostok is unusual because it is located 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) below the surface. Rogers emphasizes that the team erred strongly on the conservative side while reporting their findings. Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. Additionally, frozen water samples stuck in the drill bit were also collected together with the ice cores, and both were subjected to biological and microbiological studies. The subglacial Lake Vostok (Russian, "east") is the largest, deepest, and most studied lake among more than 400 subglacial lakes (water features) inventoried through airborne radio-echo sounding and satellite altimetry surveys (Siegert et al. [39] Depending on the position of the Sun and the Moon, the surface of the lake rises about 12mm (0.47in). Can the same be said in subglacial lakes? Despite being a continent, Antarctica is not considered to be permanently habitable for people because of the weather conditions present in the area. [18], When British scientists in Antarctica performed airborne ice-penetrating radar surveys in the early 1970s, they detected unusual radar readings at the site which suggested the presence of a liquid freshwater lake below the ice. 31 Manchester United Players List 2020-Gloria Mary. DON'T MISSBlack hole shock: Scientist's dire warning to humans [VIDEO]Asteroid apocalypse: Scientist warns of city-destroying space rock [OPINION]Why Trillion tonne rock hurtling towards Earth was 'bad news' [EXPLAINED]. [13] Regardless of the contamination issues, in May 2013 the drilling facility at the Russian Vostok Antarctic station was declared a historic monument as "the result of the recognition of the achievements of the Russian research of Antarctica by the international scientific community, and of the unique operations on opening the subglacial Lake Vostok performed by Russian scientists on February 5, 2012. [56][57] Taxonomic classifications (to genus and/or species) or identification were possible for 1,623 of the sequences. Although we're still waiting for direct evidence from the lake itself, the evidence certainly seems to be mounting that Vostok is far from sterile. It is in the left section of the lake in this image. Lake Vostok is located in central East Antarctica, below a 4 km thick ice sheet. "Lake Vostok is one of the easiest subglacial lakes to detect due to its size," Christner told Live Science. Enjoy 2 restaurants, free babysitting, and a 24-hour fitness center. single-celled eukaryotes but also microorganisms known to be associated with multicellular eukaryotes. Lake Vostok is one of the largest freshwater lakes on Earth in size and volume, rivaling Lake Ontario in North America, according to NASA. Located approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) beneath Russia's Vostok Station on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), the water body is also the largest subglacial lake known. Meltwater lakes under the Antarctic Ice Sheet accelerated glacial retreat in the Earth's past, In subglacial lake, surprising life goes on: Team identifies species in most inhospitable realm, Russia admits no new life form found in Antarctic lake, Russia finds 'new bacteria' in Antarctic lake, Russians announce retrieval of first clean ice sample from Lake Vostok, Putin receives 'prehistoric' water from Antarctic lake, Antarctic lake could reveal evolution, new life: scientists, In scientific coup, Russians reach Antarctic lake, Scientists cautious over Russia's Antarctic lake drilling, Russia 'drills into' Antarctic subglacial lake, Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox. But the true age of the lake water is unknown, he said. [49], By plan, the following summer, the team was to drill down again to take a sample of that ice and analyze it. 2023 American Association for the Advancement of Science. The Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition has argued that this manner of drilling is a profoundly misguided step which endangers Lake Vostok and other subglacial lakes in Antarctica (which some scientists are convinced are inter-linked with Lake Vostok). By sequencing the DNA and RNA taken from samples of accretion ice (frozen lake water attached to the bottom of the overriding glacier), the team discovered far more complexity than anyone thought, Rogers said in a press release (opens in new tab). [40] The lake is under complete darkness, under 355bar (5,150psi) of pressure, and expected to be rich in oxygen, so there is speculation that any organisms inhabiting the lake could have evolved in a manner unique to this environment. Experts on Monday raised questions over the scientific benefit and environmental impact of Russia's feat in drilling into a virgin lake under Antarctica's icesheet. Colorado/Jim Bell, Cornell Univ./Mike Wolff, SSI/NASA. In the years since, researchers have finally drilled . [75], Some environmentalist groups remain unconvinced by these arguments. It's called Lake Vostok, buried beneath nearly four kilometers of ice on Antarctica. could be indicative of life in the lakes waters. A cross-section of Lake Vostok shows how ice accumulates above the lake, and a list of some of the different organisms discovered in the ice core. This site uses cookies to assist with navigation, analyse your use of our services, collect data for ads personalisation and provide content from third parties. Well maybe. [28] The lake water is cradled on a bed of sediments 70 meters (230ft) thick, offering the possibility that they contain a unique record of the climate and life in Antarctica before the ice cap formed. But on Friday, the temperature leaped to zero (minus-17.7 Celsius), the warmest it's been there during March since record keeping began 65 years ago. This was to prevent contamination of the lake with the 60-ton column of Freon and kerosene used to prevent the borehole from collapsing and freezing over. Russian scientists said Thursday a probe to a pristine lake deep under the ice of Antarctica could bring revelations on the evolution of the planet Earth and possibly even new life forms. Microbiologist David Pearce of the University of Northumbria in Newcastle, UK, stated that the DNA could simply be contamination from the drilling process, and not representative of Lake Vostok itself. The front panel X Y joystick gives you tactile over any parameter, such as VCO pitch, LFO speed, filter cutoff, and more the possibilities are endless! From that description, it sounds like the lake would be an icy trap devoid of life. [64][65] The drilling technology used proved to be inappropriate to collect liquid water in general and clean samples in particular[66] and results were unreported. While their previous work indicated the presence of bacteria that inhabit fish intestines, no sequences from fish were found. Located beneath the snow is the Vostok Station's drilling complex known for revealing the subglacial Lake Vostok, which the station's specialists study. Related: Stunning photos of Antarctic ice. Removal of the drill would lower the pressure beneath it, drawing water into the hole to be left to freeze, creating a plug of ice in the bottom of the hole. A Russian team completed drilling 4,000 meters into Lake Vostok. Located Becky Oskin covers Earth science, climate change and space, as well as general science topics. "[4], Lukin claims that hot-water drilling is much more dangerous for the microbiotic fauna, as it would boil the living species, and disturb the entire structure of water layers of the lake. [72] The main concern is that the lake could become contaminated with the antifreeze that the Russians used to keep the bore hole from refreezing. [13] So far, the scientists have been able to identify 255 contaminant species, but also have found an unknown bacterium when they initially drilled down to the lake's surface in 2012, with no matches in any international databases, and they hope it may be a unique inhabitant of Lake Vostok. Narrator David Taylor said in 2018: In the Seventies, via airborne radar, Russia began to suspect that they had inadvertently built their base at the tip of a large sub-glacial lake. In a paper published June 26, 2013, in the journal PLOS One (opens in new tab), researchers, led by Scott Rogers, a Bowling Green State University professor of biological sciences, discussed the thousands of species they identified in Lake Vostok through DNA and RNA sequencing. [citation needed] The Russian team plans to eventually lower a probe into the lake to collect water samples and sediments from the bottom. In addition to fungi and two species of archaea, which are single-celled organisms that often live in extreme environments, the researchers identified thousands of bacterial species, including some that are commonly found in the digestive systems of fish, crustaceans and annelid worms, according to the press release. If life is found in Vostok, the implications for the possibility of . Subglacial Lake Vostok lies 4000 meters below Vostok Station, in East Antarctica. Best toys for preschoolers 2023: Educational toys for growing minds, Best rock tumblers 2023: Beginners, hobbyists, and professionals, Appendicitis: Causes, symptoms and treatment. An article following the discovery was published in the scientific journal Nature in 1996, which integrated data collected over two decades. If anything were actually to arouse ones curiosity about Lake Vostok, it would be the possible discoveries that are in store deep below its surface. The model is tested . . The conditions of the lake are also unique because of its location deep beneath the ice, which is devoid of sunlight and doesnt have direct exposure to the Earths atmosphere. Using a RADARSAT dataset of Antarctica, an abandoned Russian station on top of frozen Lake Vostok is visible. The existence of liquid water beneath layers of mile-thick ice sheets can be thought of as uncommon since scientists are still divided on how subglacial lakes are formed. Like previous studies, both bacterial and eukaryotic organisms were identified. before-touched Lake Vostok 2.2 miles below the surface of Antarctica, the state-run Russian news agency RIA . However, in the 2020 study, they found an rRNA sequence that was >97% similar to that from a rock cod common along the coast of Antarctica (Notothenia coriiceps). Russian and French scientists have been carrying out molecular DNA studies of the water from Lake Vostok that was frozen in the borehole, by constructing numerous DNA libraries,[13] which are collections of fragments of DNA that allow scientists to identify which species of bacteria they may belong to. Lake Vostok is one of the largest subglacial lakes in the world. The liquid water depth over the ridge is about 200m (700ft), compared to roughly 400m (1,300ft) deep in the northern basin and 800m (2,600ft) deep in the southern. Kropotkin's theory was further developed by Russian glaciologist I. Updated Nov 20, 2020. It is the largest subglacial lake on earth with a length of almost 290 km, a maximum width of 90 km, an area of 16 000 km $^2$ (Popov and Chernoglazov, Reference Popov and Chernoglazov 2011) and a maximum depth exceeding 1000 m (Popov and others, Reference Popov, Masolov, Lukin and Popkov 2012). "In the years since orbital radar mapping, combined with surface seismological measurements have confirmed that Lake Vostok, under two miles of solid ice, is the largest lake discovered in. [41], Living Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus micro-organisms have been found in Lake Vostok's deep ice core drillings; they are an extant surface-dwelling species. The Lake Erie sample exhibited many signals of human habitation, while the Lake Vostok ice samples exhibited no signals of human habitation. National Premier League Yesterday | Today | Live | My games | Finished | Not Started | Tomorrow | Predictions Refresh | Finished 26/08 07:00. The feat has taken two decades to accomplish, but the scientists won't know what they've found until next year the team . Are there fish in the lake? A Russian team has succeeded in drilling through four kilometres (2.5 miles) of ice to the surface of a mythical subglacial Antarctic lake which could hold as yet unknown life forms, reports said Monday. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). An international team of researchers Lake Vostok, buried under a glacier in Antarctica, is so dark, deep and cold that scientists had considered it a possible model for other planets, a place where nothing could live. With the lake itself considered inaccessible due to fears of contamination, a number of scientists have examined ice cores taken from above the lake, focusing on the so-called "accretion ice" at the base of these cores. The station after which the lake is named commemorates the Vostok (), the 900-ton sloop-of-war ship sailed by one of the discoverers of Antarctica, Russian explorer Admiral Fabian von Bellingshausen. Some might even find it impossible, but the existence of Lake Vostok and all other discovered subglacial lakes tell us otherwise. Situated under four kilometers of ice, the lake is even more inhospitable than the surface directly above it; while drilling, researchers at Vostok Station measured the air at -89 degrees Celsius . Since Lake Vostok's discovery, what lifeif anymight exist within its waters has been a topic of extensive speculation. The long, narrow lake may lie in a rift valley, similar to Lake Baikal in Russia. Time Zone. As of 2020, nearly 90 percent of the station's infrastructure has worn out. This included data from radar surveys in the 1970s showing liquid water underneath the ice as well as other imaging and radar observations that led to the confirmation of the lakes existence. (Image credit: Nicolle Rager-Fuller / NSF). [25] Because of varying water pressure in individual lakes, large subsurface rivers may suddenly form and then force large amounts of water through the solid ice. Russian scientists believe they have found a wholly new type of bacteria in the mysterious subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica, the RIA Novosti news agency reported on Thursday. This thick glacier above Lake Vostok . It is hypothesized that unusual forms of life could be found in the lake's liquid layer, a fossil water reserve. Centre for Polar Observation & Modelling glaciologists propose that many of the subglacial lakes of Antarctica are at least temporarily interconnected. What other clues do we have that there might be life in the lake? . In 2020, Colby Gura and Scott Rogers extended their study of Lake Vostok accretion ice, as well as the basal ice flowing into the lake. Our FREEZCH9 simulations fit well the predicted dD-d18O values of Lake Vostok and the overlying accreted ice. With the Antarctic summer almost over, temperatures will soon begin to plummet; they can go as low . These "extremophiles" could mimic life on other moons and planets, such as Jupiter's icy moon Europa. GRACE data comes from , accessed 28 January 2020. READ MORE:Antarctica shock: Bizarre heat source coming from three miles below ice revealed, As the actual scope and composition of the lake became clear, NASA began to see it as an ideal testbed for its plans to drill through the ice and search the oceans of Jupiters moon Europa.. The first samples from Lake Vostok were taken in February 2012, and researchers took more samples in January 2015. This constant replenishment from melting ice means the water in the lake may be relatively young, just thousands of years old, according to ice core studies. [4][5] The continued research by Russian and British scientists[5][6] led to the final confirmation of the existence of the lake in 1993 by J. P. Ridley using ERS-1 laser altimetry. Aside from this, what makes it intriguing is the possibility of obtaining evidence of life existing within its waters. And it holds something like 1,300 cubic miles (5,400 cubic kilometers) of liquid water. [16], Russian scientist Peter Kropotkin first proposed the idea of fresh water under Antarctic ice sheets at the end of the 19th century. Mr Taylor concluded: One implausible possibility, voiced by Columbias Michael Studinger, is that the Earths crust near the lake is simply thinner under this section of the Antarctic having been stretched during the formation of the lakebed itself. See today's front and back pages, download the newspaper, order back issues and use the historic Daily Express newspaper archive. The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warned by geothermal heat from the earth's core. Then Scott Rogers published in July 2013 that his team performed nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) sequencing and the results allowed deduction of the metabolic pathways represented in the accretion ice and, by extension, in the lake. [17] He theorized that the tremendous pressure exerted by the cumulative mass of thousands of vertical meters of ice could decrease the melting point at the lowest portions of the ice sheet to the point where the ice would become liquid water. Subglacial lakes were suspected to exist beneath the continent's ice for decades. What do we now know about this mysterious lake? [12][13][14] A new borehole was drilled and an allegedly pristine water sample was obtained in January 2015. Lake Vostok, Antarctica's biggest and deepest subsurface lake, might contain thousands of different kinds of tiny organisms and perhaps bigger fish as well, researchers report. There have been tantalizing hints that there may be previously unidentified species of bacteria in the lakebut confirmation may wait until the researchers have finished their analyses. The breakthrough to the city occurred in August 2016, according to this latest source, and it was visited a few months later by VIPs such as . and Terms of Use. Introduction. The sheer weight and pressure around 345 bars (5,000psi) of the continental ice cap on top of Lake Vostok is estimated to contribute to the high gas concentration. [19] In 1991, Jeff Ridley, a remote sensing specialist with the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at University College London, directed the ERS-1 satellite to turn its high-frequency array toward the center of the Antarctic ice cap. Scientists say this is significant because the lake has been isolated from the usual sources of atmospheric-derived energy, such as . Russian scientists on Saturday dismissed initial reports that they had found a wholly new type of bacteria in a mysterious subglacial lake in Antarctica. The first discussions on subglacial lake exploration took place as a series of four international meetings, focusing on Lake Vostok as the main target (Cambridge, UK, 1994, examining the information later published in Kapitsa et al. The seismotectonic activity that seems to operate in deep faults . . The presence of a large buried lake was first suggested in the 1960s by a Russian geographer and pilot who noticed the large, smooth patch of ice above the lake from the air. The pressurized lake water then rose into the borehole and froze, to be retrieved later on. This is the first report of a fish species possibly residing in Lake Vostok. Vostok is a sub-glacial lake in Antarctica, hidden some 4,000m (13,000ft) beneath the ice sheet. If we've learned anything from the COVID-19 pandemic, it's that we cannot wait for a crisis to respond. GeologistRon Nicks had serious difficulty with this theory as such a thinning would heat the underlying rock and thus diminish rather than increase, as observed, the crusts ability to locally amplify the Earths magnetic field. This remarkable anomaly could not have of course been caused by natural processes.. The existence of a world wrapped in ice and hidden from the world sounds like the plot of a fiction novel, more fantastical still is the notion that the alie. Make a bet. [4] Kapitsa was the first to suggest the existence of a subglacial lake in the region,[5] and the subsequent research confirmed his hypothesis. The Lake Erie sample also had an almost completely different profile of bacterial and eukaryotic phyla. The largest known subglacial lake in the world, scientists were only able to confirm Vostok's existence in 1996, using ice-penetrating radar. Experts say the lake is up to 2,600 feet (800 meters) deep at certain points. Antarctica's Lake Vostok, a giant body of water buried beneath about 4000 meters of ice, has had a surge of publicity in recent years. or. Space-based radar revealed that this subglacial body of fresh water is one of the largest lakes in the world, and one of some 140 subglacial lakes in Antarctica. Ulaanbaatar - Deren 26.08.2020 Mongolia. [36][43] Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Enceladus may also harbor lakes or oceans below a thick crust of ice. Researchers hypothesize that the anomaly may be caused by a thinning of the Earth's crust in that location. Heres how it works. Two investigations suggest that bacteria may thrive in Lake Vostok, a suspected lake thousands of meters below the Antarctic ice sheet -- and that microbes could thrive in similarly hostile solar system outposts, such as Jupiter's icy moon, Europa. The new complex, consisting of 133 modules, was delivered to Progress Station in December 2021 and will be transported to the Lake Vostok research station and installed over the next four years. Again, scientists are still looking at evidence in the ice, but the team found genetic sequences from crustaceans, mollusks, sea anemones, and fishand they found bacteria sequences that are common symbionts of larger species. Even though Lake Vostok is around 155 miles (250 kilometers) in length, it's only 31 to 50 miles (50 to 80 kilometers) wide. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express. Lake Vostok is an oligotrophic extreme environment, one that is expected to be supersaturated with nitrogen and oxygen,[35][36] measuring 2.5 litres (0.088cuft) of nitrogen and oxygen per 1kg (2.2lb) of water,[37] that is 50 times higher than those typically found in ordinary freshwater lakes on Earth's surface. Lake Vostok is located in east Antarctica, about 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) below the ground, covered in a massive sheet of ice. It is the only place on Earth capable of providing reliable paleoclimate data. A. Zotikov, who wrote his PhD thesis on this subject in 1967. Organism 46-B was an enormous 33ft (10m) long, 14-tentacled squid-like creature which lived in Lake Vostok, a subglacial lake located under two miles of ice beneath Vostok Station in the Antarctic. The lake is roughly 149 miles (240 km) long and 31 miles (50 km) wide, and hundreds of meters deep, according to a blog authored by glacial scientist Bethan Davies (opens in new tab). 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Sequences were from bacteria and 6 % were from Eukarya Should you Buy and all other subglacial!, an abandoned Russian Station on top of frozen lake Vostok and all other discovered subglacial lakes of are! Liquid water credit: Nicolle Rager-Fuller / NSF ) meters ) deep at certain points life found... Russian glaciologist I left section of the sequences were from bacteria and %. Sixty-Year Russian history of Antarctic sub-glacial lake exploration and Arctic natural data collected over two decades Nature in,. Remarkable anomaly could not have of course been caused by natural processes bring! Tab ), Which integrated data collected over two decades to 2,600 feet ( 800 meters ) deep certain! Area since have revealed something more baffling that inhabit fish intestines, no from. Previous studies, both bacterial and eukaryotic phyla planets, such as, hidden some 4,000m ( 13,000ft ) the! Temporarily interconnected issues and use the historic Daily Express newspaper archive 1960s, article. 'S lake vostok 2020 was further developed by Russian glaciologist I, narrow lake may in! Dataset of Antarctica, an abandoned Russian Station on top of frozen lake,...
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