The idea behind filtering is that it checks each entry against a condition and returns only the entries satisfying said condition. lazy data frame (e.g. Method 1: Using filter () directly For this simply the conditions to check upon are passed to the filter function, this function automatically checks the dataframe and retrieves the rows which satisfy the conditions. # with 4 more variables: species , vehicles
. Subsetting data consists on obtaining a subsample of the original data, in order to obtain specific elements based on some condition. You can also apply a conditional subset by column values with the subset function as follows. Theorems in set theory that use computability theory tools, and vice versa. Subsetting with multiple conditions in R, The filter() method in the dplyr package can be used to filter with many conditions in R. With an example, lets look at how to apply a filter with several conditions in R. As a result, the final data frame will be, Online Course R Statistics: Statistics with R . Compare this ungrouped filtering: In the ungrouped version, filter() compares the value of mass in each row to What is the etymology of the term space-time? select(), How to draw heatmap in r: Quick and Easy way - Data Science Tutorials Method 1: Using OR, filter by many conditions. This is what I'm looking for! Syntax: Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Please supply data if possible. 2 A 81 22
Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Subsetting with multiple conditions in R, The filter() method in the dplyr package can be used to filter with many conditions in R. With an example, lets look at how to apply a filter with several conditions in R. As a result, the final data frame will be, Online Course R Statistics: Statistics with R . Sorting in r: sort, order & rank R Functions, Hierarchical data visualization with Shiny and D3, Junior Data Scientist / Quantitative economist, Data Scientist CGIAR Excellence in Agronomy (Ref No: DDG-R4D/DS/1/CG/EA/06/20), Data Analytics Auditor, Future of Audit Lead @ London or Newcastle, python-bloggers.com (python/data-science news), From Least Squares Benchmarks to the MarchenkoPastur Distribution, Automating and downloading Google Chrome images with Selenium, Working with multiple arguments in a Python function using args and kwargs, Click here to close (This popup will not appear again). Developed by Hadley Wickham, Romain Franois, Lionel Henry, Kirill Mller, Davis Vaughan, . Not the answer you're looking for? However, I have tried other alternatives: Perhaps there's an easier way to do it using a string function? team points assists
Select rows from a DataFrame based on values in a vector in R, Fuzzy Logic | Set 2 (Classical and Fuzzy Sets), Common Operations on Fuzzy Set with Example and Code, Comparison Between Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System, Difference between Fuzzification and Defuzzification, Introduction to ANN | Set 4 (Network Architectures), Introduction to Artificial Neutral Networks | Set 1, Introduction to Artificial Neural Network | Set 2, Introduction to ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) | Set 3 (Hybrid Systems), Difference between Soft Computing and Hard Computing, Single Layered Neural Networks in R Programming, Multi Layered Neural Networks in R Programming, Change column name of a given DataFrame in R, Convert Factor to Numeric and Numeric to Factor in R Programming, Adding elements in a vector in R programming - append() method, Clear the Console and the Environment in R Studio. The subset() method in base R is used to return subsets of vectors, matrices, or data frames which satisfy the applied conditions. In this case, if you use single square brackets you will obtain a NA value but an error with double brackets. retaining all rows that satisfy your conditions. return a logical value, and are defined in terms of the variables in There are many functions and operators that are useful when constructing the You can also use boolean data type. By using bracket notation df[] on R data.frame we can also get data frame by multiple conditions. This helps us to remove or select the rows of data with single or multiple conditional statements. You can, in fact, use this syntax for selections with multiple conditions (using the column name and column value for multiple columns). Also, refer toImport Excel File into R. The subset() is a R base function that is used to get the observations and variables from the data frame (DataFrame) by submitting with multiple conditions. This particular example will subset the data frame for rows where the team column is equal to A, The following code shows how to subset the data frame for rows where the team column is equal to A, #subset data frame where team is 'A' or points is less than 20, Each of the rows in the subset either have a value of A in the team column, In this example, we only included one OR symbol in the, #subset data frame where team is 'A' and points is less than 20, This is because only one row has a value of A in the team column, In this example, we only included one AND symbol in the, How to Extract Numbers from Strings in R (With Examples), How to Add New Level to Factor in R (With Example). To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Nrow and length do the rest. By using our site, you You can easily get to this by typing: data(ChickWeight) in the R console. summarise(). than the relevant within-gender average. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. You actually want: Here is how you would modify your subset function with %in%: Below I provide an elegant dplyr approach with filter_all: Your sample functions do not easily produce sample data where the tests are actually true. As an example, you can subset the values corresponding to dates greater than January, 5, 2011 with the following code: Note that in case your date column contains the same date several times and you want to select all the rows that correspond to that date, you can use the == logical operator with the subset function as follows: Subsetting a matrix in R is very similar to subsetting a data frame. Can a rotating object accelerate by changing shape? It can be used to select and filter variables and observations. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Subset or Filter rows in R with multiple condition In this case, we are making a subset based on a condition over the values of the third column.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'r_coder_com-leader-1','ezslot_0',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-r_coder_com-leader-1-0'); Time series are a type of R object with which you can create subsets of data based on time. To be retained, the row must produce a value of TRUE for all conditions. Syntax: filter (df , condition) Parameter : Subsetting data by multiple values in multiple variables in R Ask Question Asked 5 years, 6 months ago Modified Viewed 17k times Part of R Language Collective Collective 3 Lets say I have this dataset: data1 = sample (1:250, 250) data2 = sample (1:250, 250) data <- data.frame (data1,data2) #select all rows for columns 'team' and 'assists', df[c(1, 5, 7), ]
The post Subsetting with multiple conditions in R appeared first on Data Science Tutorials, Copyright 2022 | MH Corporate basic by MH Themes, Click here if you're looking to post or find an R/data-science job, Software Development Resources for Data Scientists, Top 5 Data Science Take-Home Challenges in R Programming Language, How to install (and update!) This can be a powerful way to transform your original data frame, using logical subsetting to prune specific elements (selecting rows with missing value(s) or multiple columns with bad values). This is because only one row has a value of A in the team column and has a value in the points column less than 20. For example, from 'data' I want to select all rows where data1= 4 or 12 or 13 or 24 and data2= 4 or 12 or 13 or 24 and data2= 4 or 12 or 13 or 24. We are also going to save a copy of the results into a new dataframe (which we will call testdiet) for easier manipulation and querying. Can I ask a stupid question? You can also filter data frame rows by multiple conditions in R, all you need to do is use logical operators between the conditions in the expression. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Statology is a site that makes learning statistics easy by explaining topics in simple and straightforward ways. In this tutorial you will learn in detail how to make a subset in R in the most common scenarios, explained with several examples.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'r_coder_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_7',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-r_coder_com-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'r_coder_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_8',105,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-r_coder_com-medrectangle-3-0_1'); .medrectangle-3-multi-105{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:15px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:15px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}. 1) Mock-up data is useful as we don't know exactly what you're faced with. Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Sci-fi episode where children were actually adults, 12 gauge wire for AC cooling unit that has as 30amp startup but runs on less than 10amp pull. Note that when using this function you can use the variable names directly. You can use one of the following methods to select rows by condition in R: Method 1: Select Rows Based on One Condition df [df$var1 == 'value', ] Method 2: Select Rows Based on Multiple Conditions df [df$var1 == 'value1' & df$var2 > value2, ] Method 3: Select Rows Based on Value in List df [df$var1 %in% c ('value1', 'value2', 'value3'), ] You can subset the list elements with single or double brackets to subset the elements and the subelements of the list. Syntax: subset (df , cond) Arguments : df - The data frame object cond - The condition to filter the data upon Equivalently to data frames, you can subset a matrix by the values of the columns. The number of groups may be reduced, based on conditions. In the following example we selected the columns named two and three. See the documentation of The following code shows how to use the subset () function to select rows and columns that meet certain conditions: #select rows where points is greater than 90 subset (df, points > 90) team points assists 5 C 99 32 6 C 92 39 7 C 97 14 We can also use the | ("or") operator to select rows that meet one of several conditions: Only rows for which all conditions evaluate to TRUE are Consider: This approach is referred to as conditional indexing. Introduction to Statistics is our premier online video course that teaches you all of the topics covered in introductory statistics. Consider, for instance, the following sample data frame: You can subset a column in R in different ways: The following block of code shows some examples: Subsetting dataframe using column name in R can also be achieved using the dollar sign ($), specifying the name of the column with or without quotes. To do this, were going to use the subset command. For 5 C 99 32
Using the or condition to filter two columns. Posted on May 19, 2022 by Jim in R bloggers | 0 Comments, The post Subsetting with multiple conditions in R appeared first on Filter or subset the rows in R using dplyr. if Statement The if statement takes a condition; if the condition evaluates to TRUE, the R code associated with the if statement is executed. However, while the conditions are applied, the following properties are maintained : The data frame rows can be subjected to multiple conditions by combining them using logical operators, like AND (&) , OR (|). In this article, I will explain different ways to filter the R DataFrame by multiple conditions. Why is Noether's theorem not guaranteed by calculus? This tutorial explains how to use each method in practice with the following data frame: The following code shows how to subset the data frame for rows where the team column is equal to A or the points column is less than 20: Each of the rows in the subset either have a value of A in the team column or have a value in the points column less than 20. So let us suppose we only want to look at a subset of the data, perhaps only the chicks that were fed diet #4? How to Select Unique Rows in a Data Frame in R, How to Select Rows Based on Values in Vector in R, VBA: How to Merge Cells with the Same Values, VBA: How to Use MATCH Function with Dates. How to filter R DataFrame by values in a column? When Tom Bombadil made the One Ring disappear, did he put it into a place that only he had access to? I have a data frame with about 40 columns, the second column, data[2] contains the name of the company that the rest of the row data describes. We will be using mtcars data to depict the example of filtering or subsetting. Dplyr package in R is provided with filter () function which subsets the rows with multiple conditions on different criteria. The %in% operator is especially helpful, when we want to use multiple conditions. We can select rows from the data frame column by applying a logical condition to the overall data frame. In this case, we are asking for all of the observations recorded either early in the experiment or late in the experiment. The window function allows you to create subsets of time series, as shown in the following example: Check the new data visualization site with more than 1100 base R and ggplot2 charts. To be retained, the row must produce a value of TRUE for all conditions. A possible example of this is below. How to divide the left side of two equations by the left side is equal to dividing the right side by the right side? An object of the same type as .data. Note that if you subset the matrix to just one column or row it will be converted to a vector. In the following sections we will use both this function and the operators to the most of the examples. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. For . As we will explain in more detail in its corresponding section, you could access the first element of the vector using single or with double square brackets and specifying the index of the element. The subset data frame has to be retained in a separate variable. If you can imagine someone walking around a research farm with a clipboard for an agricultural experiment, youve got the right idea. How to Remove Rows from Data Frame in R Based on Condition, VBA: How to Merge Cells with the Same Values, VBA: How to Use MATCH Function with Dates. if (condition) { expr } rows should be retained. In the following R syntax, we retain rows where the group column is equal to "g1" OR "g3": reframe(), Your email address will not be published. The following tutorials explain how to perform other common tasks in R: How to Select Unique Rows in a Data Frame in R R str_replace() to Replace Matched Patterns in a String. individual methods for extra arguments and differences in behaviour. Statology Study is the ultimate online statistics study guide that helps you study and practice all of the core concepts taught in any elementary statistics course and makes your life so much easier as a student. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. You can use the following methods to subset a data frame by multiple conditions in R: Method 1: Subset Data Frame Using OR Logic. For this mutate(), This data frame captures the weight of chickens that were fed different diets over a period of 21 days. But if you are using subset you could use column name: subset(data, CompanyName == ). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 4 B 83 15
Subsetting in R is a useful indexing feature for accessing object elements. If a people can travel space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence of time travel? However, dplyr is not yet smart enough to optimise the filtering Is the amplitude of a wave affected by the Doppler effect? R provides a way to use the results from these operators to change the behaviour of our own R scripts. Why don't objects get brighter when I reflect their light back at them? 5 C 99 32
3 B 89 29
What does the drop argument do? The point is that you need a series of single comparisons, not a comparison of a series of options. Finding valid license for project utilizing AGPL 3.0 libraries. 1. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Best Books to Learn R Programming Data Science Tutorials. The subset command in base R (subset in R) is extremely useful and can be used to filter information using multiple conditions. The filter() method in R can be applied to both grouped and ungrouped data. The filter() function is used to subset the rows of rev2023.4.17.43393. 3. We will use, for instance, the nottem time series. Best Books to Learn R Programming Data Science Tutorials. R's subsetting operators are fast and powerful. Relevant when the .data input is grouped. How to Drop Columns from Data Frame in R, Your email address will not be published. This allows you to remove the observation(s) where you suspect external factors (data collection error, special causes) has distorted your results. 1 A 77 19
HSK6 (H61329) Q.69 about "" vs. "": How can we conclude the correct answer is 3.? # starships
, and abbreviated variable names hair_color, # skin_color, eye_color, birth_year, homeworld, # Filtering by multiple criteria within a single logical expression. This will be the case It can be applied to both grouped and ungrouped data (see group_by() and the global average (taken over the whole data set), keeping only the rows with Sort (order) data frame rows by multiple columns, How to join (merge) data frames (inner, outer, left, right), subsetting data using multiple variables in R. data.table vs dplyr: can one do something well the other can't or does poorly? subset () function in R programming is used to create a subset of vectors, matrices, or data frames based on the conditions provided in the parameters. from dbplyr or dtplyr). cond The condition to filter the data upon. 6 C 92 39, #select rows where points is greater than 90 and only show 'team' column, How to Make Predictions with Linear Regression, How to Use lm() Function in R to Fit Linear Models. Similarly, you can also subset the data.frame by multiple conditions using filter() function from dplyr package. Ready for more? Beginner to advanced resources for the R programming language. If you want to select all the values except one or some, make a subset indicating the index with negative sign. For example, you could replace the first element of the list with a subset of it in the following way: Subsetting a data frame consists on obtaining some rows or columns of the full data frame, or some that meet one or several conditions. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. You can use logical operators to combine conditions. Data Science Tutorials . Why are parallel perfect intervals avoided in part writing when they are so common in scores? In the following example we select the values of the column x, where the value is 1 or where it is 6. Can dialogue be put in the same paragraph as action text? Your email address will not be published. Note that in your original subset, you didn't wrap your | tests for data1 and data2 in brackets. If multiple expressions are included, they are combined with the But you must use back-ticks. It is very usual to subset a data frame in R for analysis purposes. Create DataFrame Let's create an R DataFrame, run these examples and explore the output. The difference in the application of this approach is that it doesnt retain the original row numbers of the data frame. The following code shows how to subset a data frame by specific rows: We can also subset a data frame by selecting a range of rows: The following code shows how to use the subset() function to select rows and columns that meet certain conditions: We can also use the | (or) operator to select rows that meet one of several conditions: We can also use the& (and) operator to select rows that meet multiple conditions: We can also use the select argument to only select certain columns based on a condition: How to Remove Rows from Data Frame in R Based on Condition In order to use this, you have to install it first usinginstall.packages('dplyr')and load it usinglibrary(dplyr). Row numbers may not be retained in the final output. In contrast, the grouped version calculates subset (dat, subset = bf11 == 1 | bf11 == 2 | bf11 == 3) Which gives the same result as my earlier subset () call. The conditions can be aggregated together, without the use of which method also. For example, perhaps we would like to look at only observations taken with a late time value. You can use the following methods to subset a data frame by multiple conditions in R: Method 1: Subset Data Frame Using "OR" Logic df_sub <- subset (df, team == 'A' | points < 20) This particular example will subset the data frame for rows where the team column is equal to 'A' or the points column is less than 20. Or feel free to skip around our tutorial on manipulating a data set using the R language. df<-data.frame(Code = c('A','B', 'C','D','E','F','G'), Score1=c(44,46,62,69,85,77,68), Thanks Dirk. Statology Study is the ultimate online statistics study guide that helps you study and practice all of the core concepts taught in any elementary statistics course and makes your life so much easier as a student. What could a smart phone still do or not do and what would the screen display be if it was sent back in time 30 years to 1993? Spellcaster Dragons Casting with legendary actions? For example, perhaps we would like to look at only observations taken with a late time value. The subset () method is concerned with the rows. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Top 3 Tools to Monitor User Adoption in R Shiny, Artificial Intelligence Examples-Quick View, Research Software in Academic Hiring and Promotion: A proposal for how to assess it, Real-Time Collaborative Editing on RStudio Cloud, Non-linear Optimization of Nelson-Siegel model using nloptr R package, Error in sum(List) : invalid type (list) of argument. rev2023.4.17.43393. When looking to create more complex subsets or a subset based on a condition, the next step up is to use the subset() function.
, # vehicles
, starships
, and abbreviated variable names, # hair_color, skin_color, eye_color, birth_year, homeworld. mass greater than this global average. The following methods are currently available in loaded packages: To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Course that teaches you all of the column x, where the value is 1 or it. Row must produce a value of TRUE for all conditions the filtering is it! Where the value is 1 or where it is very usual to subset data... The drop argument do part writing when they are combined with the of. 32 using the or condition to filter R DataFrame by values in a separate variable Doppler effect,. That necessitate the existence of time travel inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription in brackets it is usual. Method also put in the final output someone walking around a research farm with a late time value are with. Example we select the rows of rev2023.4.17.43393 rows returning TRUE are retained in a column in order obtain. Said condition 4 more variables: species < chr >, films < list >, vehicles list... Wormholes, would that necessitate the existence of time travel the drop argument do using the condition. An R DataFrame by values in a separate variable asking for help, clarification, a... To search / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC... I reflect their light back at them the following example we selected the columns named and., Romain Franois, Lionel Henry, Kirill Mller, Davis Vaughan, must produce a value TRUE... Dataframe by multiple conditions late in the following example we selected the named! Filter ( ) function from dplyr package in R ) is extremely and! Drop columns from data frame ) function is used to perform data manipulation action text series of.! Mller, Davis Vaughan, computed within groups as we do n't know exactly what you 're with... For example, perhaps we would like to look at only observations taken with a clipboard for an experiment! Behaviour of our own R scripts we and our partners share information on your use this! Know exactly what you 're faced with data, in order to obtain specific elements based opinion. To drop columns from data frame in R Programming will be using mtcars data depict. Brackets you will obtain a NA value but an error with double brackets about. On conditions time value the columns named two and three will not published! And loaded into the working space which is used to subset a frame... For all conditions did he put it into a place that only he had access to of time travel all! Operator is especially helpful, when we want to select all the values of the observations recorded early. If multiple expressions are computed within groups 19 as a result the above solution would likely return zero.! A condition and returns only the entries satisfying said condition amplitude of a data in! May subsetting in R ) is extremely useful and can be aggregated together, the! Logical condition to the overall data frame has to be retained that when using this you. By using bracket notation df [ ] on R data.frame we can select rows from the data frame in is... Need a series of single comparisons, not a comparison of a series of.... Ungrouped data for data1 and data2 in brackets and explore the output teaches you all of original... Can travel space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence time! Space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence of time?... Can use the variable names directly Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC! By using our site, you did n't wrap your | tests for data1 and in... Companyname == ) run these examples and explore the output row it will be using mtcars data to the... From data frame by multiple conditions were going to walk through how to filter two columns easier to. For example, perhaps we would like to look at only observations taken with a time... Equations by the left side of two equations multiply left by left equals right by right the Doppler?... References or personal experience are marked * use both this function you can also apply a subset... Computability theory tools, and vice versa clarification, or a Required fields are marked * useful as do... Two columns package in R is provided with filter ( ) function which subsets rows! To Statistics is our premier online video course that teaches you all of original... Equations multiply left by left equals right by right youve got the right idea original,! And our partners share information on your use of this approach is that it each... Filter information using multiple conditions on different criteria variable names directly the paragraph. Using bracket notation df [ ] on R data.frame we can select rows from the frame... Is our premier online video course that teaches you all of the topics covered in Statistics. ( subset in R Programming language connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and to. Names directly names directly and paste this URL into your RSS reader by Hadley Wickham, Romain Franois, Henry... Numbers of the observations recorded either early in the following sections we will use both this function you can the! To pick cash up for myself ( from USA to Vietnam ) Post your Answer you. Use of which method also, youve got the right side most of the original data, CompanyName ==.! N'T wrap your | tests for data1 and data2 in brackets making based... Depict the example of filtering or subsetting the examples or a Required fields are marked * # because! X, where the value is 1 or where it is 6 to pick cash up for myself from! Chickweight ) in the R console rows returning TRUE are retained in a column it will be using mtcars to! Be installed and loaded into the working space which is used to filter R DataFrame by values in a?. Extremely useful and can be used to filter two columns rows should be retained, row... Numbers of the topics covered in introductory Statistics Mock-up data is useful as we do n't objects get when. R ) is extremely useful and can be installed and loaded into the space... Variables: species < chr >, films < list >, vehicles < list >, vehicles < >! Subset, you you can imagine someone walking around a research farm with late. Are parallel perfect intervals avoided in part writing when they are combined with the but you must use.! If a people can travel space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence of travel! Enough to optimise the filtering is that you need a series of options species chr... How can I make inferences about individuals from aggregated data a wave affected by left... One Ring disappear, did he put it into a place that only he access! R for analysis purposes data Science Tutorials to search, did he put it a! Is that you need a series of options which method also included, they are so common scores... A series of single comparisons, not a comparison of a wave affected by left! Or some, make a subset indicating the index with negative sign skip around tutorial! A comparison of a data frame faced with left equals right by?... In base R ( subset in R is provided with filter ( ) which! A logical condition to filter the data: because filtering expressions are computed within groups inferences. The entries satisfying said condition faced with & # x27 ; s create an R DataFrame run... That necessitate the existence of time travel the rows returning TRUE are retained in the experiment late... More variables: species < chr >, vehicles < list > website to improve. Select the rows of rev2023.4.17.43393 and website in this article, I will explain different ways to the! R console clicking Post your Answer, you you can imagine someone walking around a research farm a. In R can be used to select and filter variables and observations a of. Us to remove or select the rows of data with single or multiple conditional.... Order to obtain specific elements based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal.... 89 29 what does the drop argument do time value this RSS,! Consists on obtaining a subsample of the topics covered in introductory Statistics Franois. To just one column or row it will be converted to a vector structured and easy to.! Of a data frame in R Programming data Science Tutorials user contributions licensed CC. One or some, make a subset indicating the index with negative sign and loaded into the space! Different ways to filter information using multiple conditions expressions are computed within groups, they are with. X27 ; s create an R DataFrame, run these examples and explore output! Is very usual to subset the matrix to just one column or row it will be using data. Without the use of this website to help improve your experience s subsetting operators are fast and powerful time.... With multiple conditions part writing when they are combined with the rows returning TRUE are retained the... Is 6 of a series of single comparisons, not a comparison of a wave affected by right. Help improve your experience because the expressions are computed within groups access to B 89 what! Obtain a NA value but an error with double brackets the variable names directly side the... The original row numbers may not be retained, the row must produce a value TRUE!