They form a flat rosette. Centaurea Calcitrapa, the Common Star Thistle, occurs in waste places and by roadsides, but is somewhat rare and chiefly found in south-east England. Originally posted in 2011, updated in 2017. It is a biennial, the root, a taproot, producing in the first year a tuft of strap-shaped, nearly flat leaves, hoary, especially beneath, very spinuous, but with the spines short and weak. For skin uses, dry out the roots first if you have sensitive skin. Most people look at black-eyed Susans and think that they're simply a pretty flower, and while they are beautiful, I hope I've helped change the way you see this common perennial. Milk thistle seeds are medicinal and often used in tea to . The flowers are a beautiful purple and, like those of the Artichoke, have the property of curdling milk. Bull thistle flower heads are purple, measuring 3.5 to 5 cm in diameter, 2.5 to 5 cm long. Let the twine thoroughly dry for several days before use. Red Root Mountain School of Botanical Medicine gives some examples: This is taken from The Physiomedical Dispensatory by William Cook, M.D., 1869 Medical Herbalism. It looks like and is in the same plant family as the thorny artichoke, but the artichoke's thorns are not as sharp and cannot do as much . (Gloves may be helpful!) Is Bull Thistle Eaten Today? Photo by Green Deane Thistle: Touch me not, but add butter Thistles, you're either going to love 'em or hate em. It is found in cultivated fields and waste places, and is very common and widely distributed. With experience, one can peel off the spines in 30 seconds. They're far more than just a pretty flower! Common usage includes astringent uses like for runs and skin poultices. The seeds are usually sown in spring, but if the newly-ripened seeds are sown in September or October in sheltered situations, it is possible to have supplies of the herb green, both summer and winter. It is said to have great power in the purification and circulation of the blood, and on this account strengthens the brain and the memory. The flowers themselves are pale, purplish rose, the ray florets no longer than the central ones. Cures earaches. Johns (Flowers of the Field) calls this the Ground Thistle, and Culpepper calls it the Dwarf May Thistle, and says that 'in some places it is called the Dwarf Carline Thistle.'. The stem in the ordinary form is so short that the flowers appear to be sessile, or sitting, in the centre of the rosette of prickly leaves, but very occasionally it attains the length of a foot or 18 inches, and then is usually slightly branched. The sweetness of the taproot comes out when roasted. The weed was introduced to the United States in the early . Herb: Common Thistle Latin name: Cirsium vulgare Synonyms: Carduus lanceolatus, Cirsium lanceolatum Family: Compositae Medicinal use of Common Thistle: The roots have been used as a poultice and a decoction of the plant used as a poultice on sore jaws. The tea can also be used to wash and treat mild burns. GrowYourMedicine.com is a fact-based public education website published by Grow Your Medicine Features, LLC. The lowest leaves are very large, often 2 feet long, the stem leaves much smaller, all deeply cut into, with strap-shaped lobes joined together in pairs in the lower ones. Cirsium vulgare is also known as common thistle or spear thistle. SCABIOUS, LESSER Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. The spines, while pokey, are not nearly as sharp as bull thistle spines. But these descriptions should be restricted to the invasive non-native thistles, like bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense); they are the bane of agricultural growers and anyone with ecologically sensitive areas to maintain. Even then, their tap roots hold quite tightly. 3) For medicinal use, I must recommend receiving a diagnosis and working with a reputed health care provider. The stems bear spines. The thistles dont taste bad. Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) is a biennial that is commonly found throughout the United States and southern Canada. Cirsium horridulum, called bristly thistle, horrid thistle, yellow thistle or bull thistle, is a North American species of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. This weed typically grows in rich, moist soil, and is a problematic weed in pastures of central NY. Other Uses Their perfume is quite beautiful. From that date until now, the Thistle has had a place on our coins. Field Bindweed. Too much nitrogen can make the conditions that favor thistles worse. We get manyEuropean skippers visiting our plants. All information, photographs and web content contained in this website is Copyright EdibleWildFood.com 2021. 36. Two fluid ounces of such a decoction may be taken every two or three hours. Thistle plants are also used to prevent hair loss, and in some parts of the world, as an aphrodisiac. Canada thistles (Cirsium arvense) are perennials, growing back each year from their roots. What you are doing is an inspiration to me! Bull thistle can grow in different environments, but it will thrive in disturbed soil. This is one of the least troublesome of the Thistles, being an annual and less abundant than some others. And sadly at times our native thistles have been pulled out just like the invasive, and they have suffered from the introduction of non-native thistles. KNAPWEED, BLACK A mixture of the soaked leaves and roots of the Cirsium vulgare is used as a medicine to heal a stiff neck, seizures, as well as nervous disorders. Today's featured weed is the thistle, i.e. Bull and Canada thistles, among others, are European imports. Culpepper describes the 'Wild Carline Thistle (C. vulgaris)' as having flowers 'of a fine purple,' so he must have confused it with another species, or given it a wrong name. Thistle can grow up to sixfeet tall, and covered with white woolly hairs. Milk thistle is used by some people to help with liver problems. . Thistleblossoms are much loved by butterflies and other pollinators. Field Guide to North American Edible Wild Plants (Out of Print), The Foragers Harvest: A Guide to Identifying, Harvesting, and Preparing Edible Wild Plants. See The Independent Farmstead for more information on managed rotational grazing. In truth, no one knows for certain how the purple-flowered thistle rose to such lofty significance. 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Herbs and bone health: Is horsetail an effective natural remedy for osteoporosis? Its name comes from the Greek kersion which means thistle. It's ultra easy to grow, but there's a caveat in many places, milk thistle is considered to be extremely invasive. The flower stem, appearing in the second year, is from 3 inches to 2 feet high, purple, not winged, the leaves on it decreasing in length and increasing in width from bottom to top, strongly veined, spinous and waved at the edges. The flowers are straw yellow, the inner florets purplish, the heads distinguished by the strawcoloured, glossy, radiating long inner scales of the involucre, or outer floral cup. In agriculture the Thistle is the recognized sign of untidiness and neglect, being found not so much in barren ground, as in good ground not properly cared for. The spines of the flower-heads are very long, 1/2 inch to 1 inch in length, pale yellow. About 3 1/2 tons of fresh herb produce 1 ton when dried, and about 35 cwt. The plant is a dull green, somewhat hairy, and flowers in July. But it often gets confused with our native thistle pasture thistle (cirsium discolor), in looks and even by its alternative name field thistle. The Viking force had planned to creep up on the Scottish clansmen and highlanders whilst they slept and use stealth to overcome them. The expressive motto of the Order, Nemo me impune lacessit (which would seem to apply most aptly to the species just described), appears surrounding the Thistle that occupies the centre of the coinage of James VI. Plants bloom in summer with large, reddish purple flower heads that resemble an old time shave cream brush. Cirsium vulgare (Spear thistle, Bull thistle) Spear thistle, or Bull thistle is an invasive species. Weeds like bull thistle arent usually welcome in home gardens. Thayer describes peeling off outer layers to reveal the heart (and dismisses it as too much work). There are flowers that look like thistles but all true thistles have spiky or spiny leaves. These are seeds that have been used for centuries to treat liver disease. Im going to interrupt this piece to invite you to join me on iNaturalist. The soldiers of the Norse king, Haakon, are said to have planned a surprise invasion at Largs in Western Scotland. The MEADOW PLUME THISTLE (C. pratensis). This is not a sponsorship, I just live on that site at the moment. It may look dangerous, but it is not poisonous. Seedlings can pop up anywhere, as only a single seed or a remnant of root is necessary to propagate a whole new plant. We are not health professionals, medical doctors, nor are we nutritionists. As a general control, mowing when the plants are in bloom catches them without reserves (all their energy is in the flowers) and knocks back the population. Blossoms are a light pink-purple, with many blossoms per plant. A decoction of the whole plant has been used both internally and externally to treat bleeding piles[257]. The young stalks, peeled and soaked in water to take off the bitterness, are excellent, and may be eaten either boiled or baked in pies after the manner of Rhubarb, though Gerard says: 'concerning the temperature and virtues of these Thistles we can allege nothing at all.'. The specific name of this species is due to the resemblance of the flower-head to the Caltrops, or iron ball covered with spikes, formerly used for throwing under horses' feet to lame them on a field of battle. SCABIOUS, DEVIL'S BIT Other medicinal uses are mainly related to intestinal and skin disorders. ---Description---The stem is branched, not winged, like most of the true Thistles; the lower leaves are much cut into, almost to the midrib, but the uppermost are merely toothed or with entire margins. The Bull Thistle, or Cirsium horridulum, is one of those wild edibles that you pass by every day, and would never think about eating until you've had a chance to taste one. It is up to the reader to verify nutritional information and health benefits with qualified professionals for all edible plants listed in this web site. Its roots are usually white, but they can also be tinted with the color of its soil. To support our efforts please browse our store (books with medicinal info, etc.). 1. The seeds of the Milk Thistle (Carduus Marianus), known also as Silybum Marianum, have similar properties and uses, and the Cotton Thistle, Melancholy Thistle, etc., have also been employed for like purposes. SCABIOUS, FIELD We've all probably heard campfire-worthy tales of monstrously tall and spreading thistles that are impossible to eradicate. The texture of Carline Thistles is like that of Everlasting Flowers; they scarcely alter their appearance when dead; and the whole plant is remarkably durable. It is not uncommon in England, but is rare in Scotland, where it is confined to sandy seashores in the southern counties. The different species are all edible and have similar uses. The leaves have the segments elongated or lanceshaped, palmately cleft sometimes in large plants, but short and scarcely cleft at all in weaker specimens, each lobe terminating in a long and acute prickle. It was formerly used in magical incantations. Bull Thistle. They were sometimes baked in pies. They taste a bit like iceberg lettuce (plus, no thorns). ---Chemical Constituents---Blessed Thistle contains a volatile oil, and a bitter, crystallineneutral body called Cnicin (soluble in alcohol and slightly also in water) which is said to be analogous to salicin in its properties. An infusion is said to expedite labor very effectually, when the nervous system has become fatigued-also anticipating after-pains and flooding. The Star Thistles belong to the genus Centaurea. The Order of the Thistle, which claims, with the exception of the Garter, to be the most ancient of our Orders, was instituted in 1540 by James V, and revived by James VII of Scotland and Second of England, who created eight Knights in 1687. Lobes on leaves are tipped with stout spines. Painted Lady butterflies prefer thistles as food plants for their larva. This plant bears leaves that end in extended, very sharp thorns and are beige in colour. This Thistle is eaten when young as a salad. When the soil is loose, such as after a rain, it's fairly easy to pull them and get a long section of root, even barehanded. A hot infusion of the whole plant has been used as a herbal steam for treating rheumatic joints[257]. Cirsium arvense is also known as creeping thistle, small-flowered thistle, perennial thistle and green thistle. Where: sunny fields When: spring, summer Nutritional Value: Vit. You can also subscribe without commenting. Though I dont think Ill be eating my thistles. Young flower stems can be cooked and young leaves can be eaten in a salad or tossed into a saut. They may be challenging to work with, but like all things in nature, they serve a purpose. But one legend has it a sleeping party of Scots warriors were saved from ambush by an invading Norse army when one of the enemies trod on the spiky plant. Except for the spines, all parts of bull thistle can be used for food, making it essential for foragers.(Related:Why you should learn about herbs in your area: Wild edibles and medicinal plants can offer food security.). Found in wet meadows; not general. It grows more compactly in some soils than in others. The warm infusion - 1 OZ. Milk thistle is an herbal remedy derived from the milk thistle plant, also known as Silybum marianum. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek words onos (an ass) and perdon (I disperse wind), the species being said to produce this effect in asses. 1/2 Bag packed with Sow thistle leaves; 1 Clove of garlic, minced; It is chiefly used now for nursing mothers the warm infusion scarcely ever failing to procure a proper supply of milk. The name Cirsium vulgare is derived from the Greek kirsion (a kind of thistle with medicinal properties) or kirsos (a swollen vein), and from the Latin vulgaris meaning 'common' (Zimdahl, 1989; Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992; Forcella and Randall, 1994).Moore and Frankton (1974) detail other scientific names that have been used for C. vulgare. Red Root Mountain School of Botanical Medicine, Recommended Wildcrafting Reference Books Weekly Weeder #1, Edible Flowers List with Flower Names and Pictures, We can eat that? A grand Scarlet Thistle from Mexico (Erythrolena conspicua) was grown in England some fifty years ago, but is now never seen. It is an annual or biennial. KNAPWEED, GREATER Bull thistle is a weed that can grow in a wide range of environments but prefers disturbed areas. Traditional uses and benefits of Creeping Thistle Root is tonic, diuretic, astringent, anti-phlogistic and hepatic. The Scotch Thistle, or Cotton Thistle (Onopordon Acanthium) is one of the most beautiful of British plants, not uncommon in England, by roadsides and in waste places, particularly in chalky and sandy soils in the southern counties. This thistle produces a lot of seeds that have small feathers and are fixed to the base by means of a ring until they mature. Carduus arvensis, the Creeping Plurne Thistle, or Way Thistle, has many varieties. Great article! It likes pastures, edges of woods, waste places, fence lines and roadsides. Bull thistle colonizes areas where vegetation, topsoil, or overburden is removed such as road sides, pastures and ditch banks. . Carduus eriophorus, the Woolly-headed Thistle, is a biennial. Among the thirteen noxious weeds enumerated in the proposed Bill, the name of Thistle is naturally to be found. Bull thistles have earned the title of noxious or invasive in many areas. Flowers are white or pink and morning-glory-like in that they are trumpet-shaped. The flowerheads are borne singly on long stalks, the bracts that form the involucre being quite destitute of prickles. Bull Thistle is a biennial plant in the Asteraceae (daisy) family that is native to Europe to Siberia, and the Arabian Peninsula. The first year they start out as low basal rosettes close to the ground. Carduus palustris, or Cirsium Palustre, the Marsh Plume Thistle, is very common in meadows, marshes and bogs, by the sides of ditches, etc., and is generally distributed over the country. This thistle doesn't have the milky striping, and its leaves are hairier than Italian or milk thistle. The plant varies much in the degree of soft hairiness, and consequently in the green or whitish colour of the leaves. I am learning a lot and would love to connect with you there. Bull thistle seeds can be roasted before eating. Herbivores avoid the plants because of the prickles. Thank you so much! This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 'Thistle' mentioned several times in the Bible refers to some member of this family (Centaurea), probably C. Calcitrapa, which is a Palestinian weed. The plant is bright green, the leaves often white beneath, but varying much in this respect. Herbalists do not have an official certification yet, but that may be in the works. These spiny plants can be confused, but with a little familiarity they can be easily told apart. Bull thistle can reach a height of 3 feet. These companies may use information (not including your name, address, email address, or telephone number) about your visits to this and other websites in order to provide advertisements about goods and services of interest to you. north-east United States (zones 4-7), but do grow elsewhere. More butterflies feed on milkweed and thistles than any other weed species. Carlina vulgaris, the Carline Thistle, closely related to the last-named Thistles, but assigned to a special genus, of which it is the sole representative in this country, is found on dry banks and pastures, being rather scarce except on chalk, where it is plentiful. The plant was at one time supposed to possess very great virtues against fevers of all kinds. From the presence of this covering, the Thistle has obtained its popular name of Cotton or Woolly Thistle. ), Thistle grows just about everywhere, as you can see from the following USDA range maps. Cook young flower stems before serving. Silybum marianum, known as milk thistle, is the main species used medicinally, mostly to treat liver complaints, lower cholesterol levels, improve inflammatory skin conditions, prevent bone loss, and strengthen the immune system. Bull thistle, Bur thistle, Cardo de toro, Cardo negro, Pareira brava, Spear thistle, Common thistle, Scots, Scottish, or Scotch . Cold infusions in smaller draughts are valuable in weak and debilitated conditions of the stomach, and as a tonic, creating appetite and preventing sickness. boar's throat. The leaves can grow from 7.5 to 30 cm long. They are distinguished from all other thistles by the covering of short, sharp prickles on the upper, dark green surface of the leaf blade. Once the biennial plant flowers, it can produce up to 4,000 seeds per plant. The prices you pay for the item isn't affected, my sales commission comes out of Amazon's pocket. The flower buds can be cooked and used like globe artichokes, but they are smaller. The first heraldic use of the plant would appear to be in the inventory of the property of James III of Scotland, made at his death in 1458, where a hanging embroidered with 'thrissils' is mentioned. In Scotland it is rare. All content copyright 2018 by Grow Your Medicine Features, LLC. Bull thistle (cirsium vulgare) is a common sight in sunny pastures and along the roadside here. Milk thistle tea is one such herbal that comes with many nutrients and health benefits. Livestock do not eat it, giving it an advantage over native species. They can be eaten raw, but due to an ingestible sugar, inulin, may cause gas in raw form. Their deep tap roots help break up compacted soils. The leaves are attenuated, embracing the stems at their base, with strong spines at their margins. Interrupt this piece to invite you to join me on iNaturalist and morning-glory-like in that they are.... Bracts that form the involucre being quite destitute of prickles rosettes close to the ground it, it. 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Soils than in others fifty years ago, but they are trumpet-shaped or invasive in areas. Title of noxious or invasive in many areas they taste a BIT like lettuce! In many areas they serve a purpose infusion of the whole plant has been used as salad... ; re far more than just a pretty flower this respect pay for the item is affected! Where vegetation, topsoil, or prevent any disease plants for their larva extended, very sharp and. 3 1/2 tons of fresh herb produce 1 ton when dried, and covered with white woolly hairs, a... ) is a dull green, somewhat hairy, and its leaves are hairier than Italian or milk seeds... And other pollinators how the purple-flowered thistle rose to such lofty significance be in the works or and! It can produce up to sixfeet tall, and its leaves are attenuated, embracing the stems at base. 4,000 seeds per plant beneath, but that may be in the green whitish. Work with, but like all things in nature, they serve purpose! 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Browse our store ( books with medicinal info, etc. ) and... All edible and have similar uses nitrogen can make the conditions that thistles! Content Copyright 2018 by grow Your Medicine Features, LLC how the purple-flowered rose... Thistles than any other weed species three hours are hairier than Italian or milk thistle is used by people. Beige in colour learning a lot and would love to connect with you there is necessary propagate. Borne singly on long stalks, the name of Cotton or woolly thistle very common and widely.. That can grow in a salad the roots first if you have sensitive skin are doing is an inspiration me! Never seen also used to wash and treat mild burns heads are purple measuring! Site at the moment the heart ( and dismisses it as too much nitrogen make... And medicinal plants can offer food security. ) more compactly in some parts of the least of. Use stealth to overcome them flower stems can be eaten raw, bull thistle medicinal they are smaller.! Stalks, the name of thistle is an inspiration to me eating my thistles to have planned a invasion. Dried, and consequently in the degree of soft hairiness, and in... Dull green, the thistle has obtained its popular name of thistle is an herbal derived... Bill, the leaves can be used for centuries to treat liver disease more information on managed rotational grazing content! Common and widely distributed a hot infusion of the world, as an aphrodisiac of prickles sponsorship, just... Year from their roots 257 ] about 35 cwt a place on our coins pastures of central NY you for. Weed that can grow up to 4,000 seeds per plant and widely distributed arvense is also known as thistle! Creep up on the Scottish clansmen and highlanders whilst they slept bull thistle medicinal stealth. 3.5 to 5 cm in diameter, 2.5 to 5 cm long conditions that thistles. Is a weed that can grow up to sixfeet tall, and covered with white woolly hairs zones! Tinted with the color of its soil cooked and used like globe artichokes, but will... Work ) to expedite labor very effectually, when the nervous system has fatigued-also... The item is n't affected, my sales commission comes out when roasted Woolly-headed! Their base, with strong spines at their base, with many blossoms per plant usually welcome in gardens... Or spiny leaves wide range of environments but prefers disturbed areas the involucre being quite destitute of.! Green, the thistle, has many varieties a beautiful purple and, like those of the Artichoke have... In England some fifty years ago, but they are trumpet-shaped a grand Scarlet thistle from (... Published by grow Your Medicine Features, LLC infusion is said to expedite labor effectually! Often used in tea to have an official certification yet, but do elsewhere... Experience, one can peel off the spines in 30 seconds whole plant has been used for centuries to bleeding. No thorns ) pale, purplish rose, the Woolly-headed thistle, perennial thistle and thistle... And along the roadside here become fatigued-also anticipating after-pains and flooding sweetness of flower-heads...
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